Women In Combat Essays (426 words) - Gender Studies, Women In Combat

Women In Combat The idea of women in combat is not unusual anymore. Although American women have, for a long time, served as nurses, and as other roles during wartime, they were not officially enrolled in the armed forces until World War I. "During this time women served as clerks and secretaries, some being assigned to translation, recruitment, and other tasks which were usually assigned to men" (Wekesser, 2). The women were not given rank or benefits, and after the war was over they were not allowed to remain in the military. More than 350,000 women served in World War II. During this war, the military once again encouraged the recruitment of women. They established the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC), the Navy Women's Reserve, and the Marine Corps Women's Reserve. Any of the women in these organizations were given benefits and military rank. "As in World War I, the women served as clerks, secretaries, ..." (Wekesser, 2). "In 1948, a congressional law banned women from direct combat" (Wekesser, 3). They were not allowed in any jobs that were viewed as hazardously close to combat, where the risk of capture is high. Until the late 1960's, the status of women in the military remained unchanged. It was then when the armed forces began to open up more positions for women. The first women generals in American history were appointed in 1970. By 1976, military academies were beginning to open their doors to women. By the end of the 1970, all of the women's organizations were discontinued; women and men were officially integrated with the military. During the Persian Gulf War, women were sent to the Middle East to"fly helicopters, service combat, refuel tankers, and load laser-guided guns" (Johnson, 31). They were assigned to battleships, aircraft carriers, and marine support groups. Their performance has led the world to realize that women are extremely useful in combat, and "they brought home their changing role in the military" (Priest, AO1). "In 1994, the Defense Department ordered all the services to open up thousands of combat-related support jobs to women" (Priest, AO1). Today women represent more than fourteen percent of the Army's 495,000 soldiers (Newman). The times have definitely changed over the years, and much more will probably come. Who knows what lies ahead? Bibliography Johnson, Julie. "The New Top Guns: In the wake of Desert Storm, the Senate clears women pilots for combat." Time 12 Aug. 1991: 31. Newman, Richard J. "Army Sex Ed. 101." U.S. News 11 Aug. 1997. Priest, Dana. "In a Crunch, Ban on Women Bends." Washington Post 30 Dec. 1997: AO1. Wekesser, Carol, et al. Women in the Military. Greenhaven Press, Inc, 1991.

Free Essays on Mussolinis Fateful Alliance With Germany

Benito Mussolini was a dictator and the leader of the Italian Fascist movement. Mussolini’s reign of terror, as he referred to it, failed because numerous mistakes were made on his part during his career. One of these mistakes was his agreement to form an alliance with Adolf Hitler and the German Third Reich. In essence, Italy was a historical follower; the government jumped onto the Allied bandwagon when it was clear they would win World War I and later switched sides in order to join the Axis Powers when World War II began. The division of war reparations and territorial gains at the culmination of World War I improved the conditions of three of the four Allies to include England, France, and the United States. Italy, however, was not integrated into these benefits, which were outlined under the Treaty of Versailles. Because of this, the Italian population and their representatives at Versailles felt cheated. This feeling, Mussolini’s power-hungry attitude, and his be lief that Italy should be a superpower in Europe, are what supported his decision to ally with Hitler in what would become one of the biggest mistakes of his reign as a dictator. Dennis Mack Smith, author of Mussolini, reminds us that Mussolini believed Italy and Germany should develop as the â€Å"axis† around which the rest of Europe would collectively revolve. It was by the fall of 1937 that Mussolini had visited Germany, and in spite of several nagging doubts, had nearly made of his mind to address the issue of formalizing the pact between Germany and Italy. Hitler put on such a display of military grandeur that Mussolini became convinced that Germany was rising in both power and prestige throughout Europe. He felt certain that Hitler was his most advantageous choice with whom to form an ally. How could the Nazis ever fail, with their efficient military skills and professional organization? Subsequently, Nazi and Fascist leaders met to discuss and â€Å"harmonize ... Free Essays on Mussolini's Fateful Alliance With Germany Free Essays on Mussolini's Fateful Alliance With Germany Benito Mussolini was a dictator and the leader of the Italian Fascist movement. Mussolini’s reign of terror, as he referred to it, failed because numerous mistakes were made on his part during his career. One of these mistakes was his agreement to form an alliance with Adolf Hitler and the German Third Reich. In essence, Italy was a historical follower; the government jumped onto the Allied bandwagon when it was clear they would win World War I and later switched sides in order to join the Axis Powers when World War II began. The division of war reparations and territorial gains at the culmination of World War I improved the conditions of three of the four Allies to include England, France, and the United States. Italy, however, was not integrated into these benefits, which were outlined under the Treaty of Versailles. Because of this, the Italian population and their representatives at Versailles felt cheated. This feeling, Mussolini’s power-hungry attitude, and his be lief that Italy should be a superpower in Europe, are what supported his decision to ally with Hitler in what would become one of the biggest mistakes of his reign as a dictator. Dennis Mack Smith, author of Mussolini, reminds us that Mussolini believed Italy and Germany should develop as the â€Å"axis† around which the rest of Europe would collectively revolve. It was by the fall of 1937 that Mussolini had visited Germany, and in spite of several nagging doubts, had nearly made of his mind to address the issue of formalizing the pact between Germany and Italy. Hitler put on such a display of military grandeur that Mussolini became convinced that Germany was rising in both power and prestige throughout Europe. He felt certain that Hitler was his most advantageous choice with whom to form an ally. How could the Nazis ever fail, with their efficient military skills and professional organization? Subsequently, Nazi and Fascist leaders met to discuss and â€Å"harmonize ...

Management report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Management report - Essay Example The information derived will thus be used by the company to formulate its marketing strategy to enter the developing markets. The company has decided to cater to the need of a specific customer target (niche market) as this will assist in entering and penetrating that particular market. First and foremost task of Connection will be to envisage its corporate goal and this will later on be segregated into SMART objectives which will have to be achieved within the predetermined time period. Later on, the marketing strategies will be developed to achieve the corporate goal. The management of the company will then formulate a development plan to decide the manner in which the marketing process will be conducted in the target market. Operation plan will then be framed to decide the marketing activities. This will be followed by the cost related activities after which the marketing budget of the company will be finalised. Connection is a company that plans to operate in the mobile manufacturing sector. Though UK is its country of origin, it is more focussed on the developing markets. A proper understanding of the needs and demands of the target customer base is thereby required so that the product range can be modified accordingly. The mission statement is framed in alignment with its vision. According to it, the company will produce such handsets that possess high economic value. The technology used in such handsets will be of international level. The company will ensure that quality is not compromised at any cost and that the products are friendly and easy to operate. Connection strongly believes that environment is one of the vital stakeholders in the company; hence the products and the technology used by Connection will be environment friendly. The mission statement of the company is also focused in developing an organisational culture where the employees will feel themselves to be an integral part of the

Al-Khwarizmi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Al-Khwarizmi - Essay Example The early Arab mathematician and astronomer al-Khwarizmi has been considered by some to be the founder of algebra, a branch of mathematics dealing with equations containing unknown quantities and variables. While this has been disputed, it is certain that his publications on the subject were among the earliest available to the Arab world, and were highly influential among later audiences. (Sen, 2) One of the most well-known early Arab scientists, he wrote his famous treatise, "The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing," by the year 830. Later, this work had a great impact on Western mathematics and science; Latin translations of his work were quite important to scholars and businesspeople during the Middle Ages. Al-Khwarizmi is also known for bringing the Hindu system of fixed numerals to international attention. He wrote an Arab-language text that explained Hindu methods of calculation, which depended upon written numerals rather than the more primitive counting techniques that were widely used at the time. The 'publication' of the book of al-Khwarizmi at the beginning of the ninth century-between 813 and 833 -is an outstanding event in the history of mathematics. For the first time, one could see the term algebra appearing in a title to designate a distinct mathematical discipline, equipped with a proper technical vocabulary. Muhammad ibn Miss al-Khwarizmi, mathematician, astronomer and distinguished member of the 'House of Wisdom' of Baghdad, had compiled, he wrote, 'a book on algebra and al-muqbala, a concise book recording that which is subtle and important in calculation' (Gandz, 263-277). The event was crucial, and was recognized as such by both ancient and modern historians. Its importance did not escape the mathematical community of the epoch, nor that of the following centuries. This book of al-Khwarizmi did not cease being a source of inspiration and the subject of commentaries by mathematicians, not only in Arabic and Persian, but also in Latin and in the languages of Wester n Europe until the eighteenth century. But the event appeared paradoxical: to the novelty of the conception, of the vocabulary and of the organization of the book of al-Khwarizmi was contrasted the simplicity of the mathematical techniques described, if one compares them with the techniques in the celebrated mathematical compositions, of Euclid or Diophantus, for example. But this technical simplicity stems precisely from the new mathematical conception of al-Khwarizmi. Whilst one of the elements of his project was found twenty-five centuries before him with the Babylonians, another in the Elements of Euclid, a third in the Arithmetica of Diophantus, no earlier writer had recompiled these elements, and in this manner. But which are these elements, and what is this organization The goal of al-Khwarizmi is clear, never conceived of before: to elaborate a theory of equations solvable through radicals, which can be applied to whatever arithmetical and geometrical problems, and which can help in calculation, commercial transactions, inheritance, the surveying of land etc. Al-Khwarizmi begins by defining the basic terms of this theory which, because of the requirement of resolution by radicals and because of his know-how in this area, was only concerned with equations of the first

Thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thought - Essay Example According to the traffic regulations and safety expectations, it is not advisable to drive under the influence of alcohol. As such, devices that can sense alcohol can communicate with the driver and inform him when it is safe to drive. Such a device can also lock the car until the drivers sobers up such that he can drive well. The other thing that can be communicated to me by these devices is the element of giving direction. In the event that I am lost or I have diverted from my route, the device can tell me that I should stop and navigate my way towards the right direction. When you get into a new place, it can be noted that it is very easy to get lost and this can happen when there is no one in site. Given such a scenario, I can communicate with the device in the car to give me the right direction. devices can also talk to me about the general issues of the environment I would be driving. These devices can sense if the terrain is good for my car and they can inform me the appropriate road to follow in the event that some parts of the road are damaged. In the same vein, such a device can warn me to slow down when I am approaching depressions along the road. This will help me to maintain reasonable speed that does not harm my vehicle. The devices mentioned above can also be used to communicate with me in the event of any malfunction of different parts of my car. In some cases, there are certain parts that can malfunction but the car can still move. Such problems are often difficult to diagnose and in some cases they can be taken for granted by the motorists but the truth is that they pose a real threat to the vehicle and the motorist as well. Though minor, such problems can culminate into bigger problems that may be costly and difficult to repair. As such, whenever a problem has been detected, the devices mentioned above can talk to me so that I can take action. They can also communicate with me so that I can

Debate of Nature vs Nurture

Debate of Nature vs Nurture The historical debate regarding nature and nurture has been going on for years and is still unresolved. Many theorists believe what we have inherited and our genes, makes us the way we are and affects how we develop. Other theorists believe it is the way we are brought up and our experiences, that make us the way we are and how we develop. [1] Nature is the coding of genes in each cell in us humans determine the different traits that we have, more dominantly on the physical attributes like eye color, hair color, ear size, height, and other traits. However, it is still not known whether the more abstract attributes like personality, intelligence, sexual orientation, likes and dislikes are gene-coded in our DNA, too. [2] The nurture theory holds that genetic influence over abstract traits may exist; however, the environmental factors are the real origins of our behavior. This includes the use of conditioning in order to induce a new behavior to a child, or alter an unlikely behavior being shown by the child. According to John Watson, one of the strongest psychologists who propose environmental learning as a dominating side in the nature vs nurture debate, once said that he can be able to train a baby randomly chosen in a group of 12 infants, to become any type of specialist Watson wants. He stated that he could train him to be such regardless of the childs potentialities, talents and race. [2] In the case of personality traits, non-shared environmental effects are often found to outweigh shared environmental effects. That is, environmental effects that are typically thought to be life-shaping (such as family life) may have less of an impact than non-shared effects, which are harder to identify. One possible source of nonshared effects is the environment of prenatal development. Random variations in the genetic program of development may be a substantial source of nonshared environment. These results suggest that nurture may not be the predominant factor in environment. Environment and our situations, do in fact impact our lives, but not the way in which we would typically react to these environmental factors. We are preset with personality traits that are the basis for how we would react to situations. An example would be how extraverted prisoners become less happy than introverted prisoners and would react to their incarceration more negatively due to their preset extrave rted personality [3] Throughout the stages of our life nature and nurture play a large part and help dictate where we will end up in the future for example if you were brought up in a place with a really bad drug problems its likely that you will also develop a drug addiction, also if you were brought up in an area with a lot of gang problems its likely that you will become involved in gang related issues. Neglect and abuse can also affect your development as it could leave you with psychological issues that if left unresolved could cause problems in your adult life, for example if at a young age you see your father beating your mother you might begin to think that this is what is suppose to happen unless told otherwise, leading to you in the future having psychological problems. At childhood the brain is like a sponge and will absorbs any information it is told by the senses. Childrens temperament such as their characteristics and ways of responding to emotional events, novel stimuli, and their own impulses seem to be in part affected by their individual genetic makeup. Similarly, being slow or quick to learn from instruction and everyday experiences has some genetic basis. Inherited characteristics and tendencies are not always evident at birth. Many physical features emerge gradually through the process of maturation, the genetically guided changes that occur over the course of development. Environmental support, such as food, reasonably safe and toxin-free surroundings, and responsive care from others, is necessary for maturation to take place; nature never works alone.[4] Birth and Infancy How a mother handles her pregnancy is critical to a babys development, if a pregnant mother drinks large quantities of alcohol   it can affect her unborn baby extremely, children born with foetal alcohol syndrome tend to be born smaller, tend to have smaller heads and may have heart problems and learning difficulties. Also it is important that during the pregnancy the mother stays healthy as possible as if the mother develops any infections such as rubella it can cause impaired hearing and eyesight or heart damage, things like a mothers diet could also affect their unborn child as you are affected by what your mother eats for example if a mothers diet is high in fat and sugar the child will be have a risk of heart disease and malnutrition, if a mother eats a low amount of healthy food during their pregnancy it can lead to poor health for the child. During infancy Relationships are particularly important as infants learn primarily through their relationship with others. Eye contact, smiles and imitation set the stage for more sustained communication and meaningful exchanges and engagement with parents and other caregivers, and a growing world of relationships. [5]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bibliography http://www.studymode.com/essays/M1-Discuss-The-Nature-Nurture-Debate-1503784.html https://explorable.com/nature-vs-nurture-debate https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_versus_nurture#Personality_traits http://www.education.com/reference/article/nature-nurture/ http://www.beststart.org/OnTrack_English/2-factors.html

Collectivist Anarchism :: Papers

Collectivist Anarchism The philosophical roots of Collectivist Anarchism lie in socialism rather than liberalism. Collectivists believe that human beings are social animals better suited to working together for the common good, than for individual interests. When people are linked together by a common humanity they have no need to be controlled or regulated by a government. As Michael Bakunin proclaimed, 'social solidarity is the first human law, freedom is the second law'. Collectivist anarchists are sometimes criticised for holding a naÃÆ' ¯ve and hopelessly optimistic view of human nature. Human beings will be greedy if they are brought up in an unjust society, they will be caring if they are brought up in a society where justice and equality reign. This helps us to understand just why anarchists are so interested in education. Anarchism and Marxism - what's the difference? A number of parallels exist between Collectivist Anarchism and Marxismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ ÃÆ' ¼ Both see capitalism as a system of class exploitation ÃÆ' ¼ Human beings have the ultimate ability to order their own affairs without the controlling hand of state intervening. But Collectivists and Marxists do come into conflict over a couple of thingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ * Firstly Anarchists criticise Marxism's deterministic character, taking destiny out of the hands of the people, and making it an economic certainty. * Marxists view the proletariat as the only truly revolutionary class, whereas anarchists view everyone from peasants, to students, to the ethnic minorities, as victims of repression. * The ideologies also differ in the need for a 'vanguard party', with the specific purpose of leading the oppressed to utopia. Anarchists have always rejected traditional political means, and that only a spontaneous uprising of the masses can lead to true anarchism, and so avoid aà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ * à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦'Dictatorship of the Proletariat', an idea crucial to defending the progression from capitalist to socialist, according to Marx, and one abhorred by anarchists, who view the state not as a symbol of class rule, but as an independent oppressive body.